Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Constitution of India

 1] Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Preamble of the Constitution of the Indian Constitution -  

 Article 1 - 

 According to article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,  all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Preamble (The Constitution of India) - 

 WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens

 JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

 LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship;

 EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all

 FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;

 IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this  26th day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

 2] Article 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 14 of the Indian Constitution -

 Article 7 (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) -

  Article 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says that all are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation and against any incitement in such discrimination.

 Article 14 (of the Indian Constitution) -

            Equality before Law and equal protection of the laws -  the state shall not deny to any person equality before the law and equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.

 3] Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 15 of the Indian Constitution - 

 Article 2(Universal Declaration of Human Rights) -

     Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, Color, Sex, Language, Religion, political or other opinions, National on social origin, property birth or other status.

 Article 15(The Constitution of India) - 

    Prohibition of discrimination on Grounds of Religion, Race, Sex, caste or place of birth -

 (1) The state shall not discriminate against any Citizen on Grounds only of religion, race,  caste, sex,  place of birth or any of them.

(2)  No citizen shall, on Grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them subject to any disability, liability restriction or condition with regard to -

(a)  access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places of public entertainment.

(b)  the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places of public resort maintained wholly or partly out of state funds or dedicated to the use of the general public.

4] Article 21(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 17 of the Constitution of India - 

 Article 21(2) (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) - 

 Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.

 Article 17 of the Constitution of India -

  Equal opportunity in matters of public employment -

(1)  There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state

(2)  No citizen shall, on Grounds only of religion, race, caste, Sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of any employment of office under the state.

[See Also...Offenses Relating to Religion (Section 295 to Section 298 of the Indian Penal Code 1860)]

 Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 19 of the Indian Constitution -

 Article 19(Universal Declaration of Human Rights) -

      Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek,  receive and impart information and Idea through any media and regardless of frontiers.

 Article 19 (The constitution of India) -

       Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc - (1)  all citizens shall have the right -

          (a)  To freedom of speech and expression;

          (b)  All citizens shall have the right to assemble peaceably and without arms;

          (c)  To form association and unions

          (d)   All citizens shall have Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.



 Article 20(1), Article 23(4), Article 13(1)  of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights -

        Article 20(1) - According to Article 20(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and Association. (2)  no one may be compared to belong to an Association.

    Article 23(4) -  everyone has the right to form and to join Unions for the protection of his interest.

    Article 13(1) -  everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.

         (2)  everyone has the right to leave any country including his own and to return his country.

5] Article 17(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 19 (1) (f) of the Indian Constitution -  

      Article 17(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says that everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in Association with others.

     Article 19 (1) (f) -   omitted by 44th Amendment to the Indian constitution

6] Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 300(a) of the Indian Constitution -

Article 3 (The universal declaration of Human Rights) -

 According to article 3 of the  Universal Declaration of Human Rights, everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 300(a) (The constitution of India) -   

Article 300(a) of the Indian Constitution says that Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law -  No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.

[See Also... Constitution Powers and Functions of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)]

 7] Article 9, Article 5 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 21 of the Constitution of India -

   Article 9 - 

    Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says that no one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention exile.

   Article 5 -  No I shall be subjected to torture, or to cruel or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

   Article 21 - Protection of life and personal liberty (The constitution of India) -

  According to Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law.

 8] Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 23 of the Indian Constitution - 

 Article 4 (of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) -

          Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says that no one shall be held in slavery or servitude; Slavery and servitude shall be prohibited in all formats.

 Article 23 of the Indian Constitution -

     Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor -

(1)  Traffic in human being and beggar and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offense punishable in accordance with law.

(2)  Nothing in this article shall prevent the state from imposing compulsory service,  and in imposing search service the state shall not make any discrimination on Grounds only of religion, race, caste or class, any of them.

[See Also... Human Rights of Children and International Instruments to Protect their Rights]

 9] Article 11(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 20 of the Indian Constitution -

       Article 11(2). No one shall be held guilty of any penal offense on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offense, under national or international law at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offense was committed.


 Article 20 of the Indian Constitution - 


 Protection in respect of conviction for offences - (1)  no person shall be convicted of any offers except for the violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offense nor be subjected to penalty greater than that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offense.

 10] Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 25 of the Indian Constitution - 

 Article 18 (of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) -

     According to Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief  in teaching practice, worship and observance.


 Article 25 (of the Indian Constitution) - 

     Freedom of conscience and free profession practice and propagation of religion -

(1)  subject to public order, morality and health, and to the other provisions of this part (Part III)  all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess,  practice and propagate religion.

(2)  Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of existing law or prevent the state from making any law -

      (a)  Regulating or restricting economic, financial, political or other secular activity which may be associated with religious practice;

      (b)   Providing for social welfare and Reform or the throwing upon of Hindu religious Institutions of a public character to all classes and sections of Hindus.

 11] Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 29 of the Constitution of India - 

 Article 22 (of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) -

             Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says that everyone as a member of society, has the right to social security, and is entitled to realization through National effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each state of the economic social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the development of his personality.


 Article 29 (of the Constitution of India) - 

      Protection of interest of minorities - (1) Any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having a distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same.

 12] Article 26(3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 30 of the Indian Constitution - 

 Article 26(3) -           

        Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.

 Article 13 (The constitution of India) -

  Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions (1) All minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.

 13] Article 17(2) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 31 of the Indian Constitution -- 

     Article 17(2) -  No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property -

     Article 31 of The Indian Constitution - 

           Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law -  no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law. 

 3] Article 8 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 32 of the Indian Constitution - 

 Article 8 (of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) -

     Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent National Tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted to him by the constitution or by law.

 
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution -

 Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this part (Part III) - 

 The right to move the supreme court by appropriate proceeding for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this part is guaranteed.

See Also...

Freedom of Religion ( Article 25 to 28 of the Indian Constitution)

Right to Equality (Article 14 to 18 of the Indian Constitution)

Kinds of Property | Property Law

Salient features of Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 | Human Rights

Role of legal profession in enforcement of human rights | Human Rights